What Powder is Used for Metal 3D Printing?

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Analysts at JPMorgan recommended selling or "underweight" emerging market local currency sovereign debt because of the global impact of the Ukraine-Russia crisis.

JPMorgan estimated that fixed-income assets in emerging markets have lost 6-9 percent of their value since Russia invaded Ukraine a month ago, with nervousness about the war and its impact on global energy and food prices adding to existing pressures.

Some leading emerging market central banks are signaling that interest rates now need to rise faster than previously expected, which fuels fears of "stagflation". Stagflation means when high inflation and higher interest rates undermine economic growth.  

With both the U.S. Federal Reserve and emerging market central banks raising interest rates, JPMorgan also said it made sense to "underweight" emerging market assets by taking advantage of the recent pullback in local currency bond yields relative to TREASURIES.  

JPMorgan said major metals exporters such as South Africa, Chile, and Peru could still do well, but warned that emerging market fixed income assets now faced a more "stagflationary" trajectory.

The markets and prices of many commodities, metals, chemicals like the 3D printing metal powder still face uncertainty.

What Powder is Used for Metal 3D Printing?
Stainless steel (17-4 PH, 316L, 304)
Tool steel (H13, A2, D2)
Special alloy (Inconel iron alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, etc.)
Titanium (Ti64)
Aluminum (4047, 6061, 7075)
 
Steel 3D Printing
Steel is the most common metal material for 3D printing. Its strength, ability to convert into 3D-printed metal powder, relatively low cost, and post-processability make it a material that can be used in many applications. Most types of steel can be printed: the two most common are stainless steel and tool steel. Not all steel is often printed -- alloy steel, the most common conventional manufacturing method, is rarely printed. Due to their lower conventional manufacturing costs and poor material properties, they are of low value as printing materials. 
 
Stainless steel 
Stainless steel is tough, hard steel with excellent corrosion resistance due to its significant chromium content (at least 12% and often up to 18%). They come in two different varieties, austenite and martensite. 
Austenitic stainless steel is the most common type of stainless steel. They are corrosion resistant and can be machined and welded, but not heat treated. 303 and 304 are the most common austenitic stainless steel types, while 316L is the variant that maximizes corrosion resistance. 
Martensitic stainless steel is much harder than austenitic steel but is more brittle and less resistant to corrosion. Taken as a whole, they lack the versatility of austenitic steels -- however, they can be heat treated and precipitated hardened. They are best when you need hard stainless steel. 17-4 PH is a particularly useful martensitic stainless steel that can be heat-treated to suit a variety of material properties -- it is also the most common martensitic steel, although others have been printed (e.g.420). 
 
Tool steel 
Tool steel is named after its core application -- all kinds of tools. They contain carbides, extremely hard compounds that are essential for their ability to cut, grind, press, shape, or form. In general, they are very hard, durable, and can be used at high temperatures. Tool steels are classified according to the AISI-SAE classification system and classified into types according to function. The three most common types of metal 3D printing are A series, D series, and H series tool steels. 
A Series tool steels are excellent general-purpose tool steels -- they balance wear resistance and toughness and are machinable. There are eight a-series tool sheets of steel, the most common of which is A2. It is versatile tool steel, usually used in the manufacture of punches and dies, but can be used in a variety of applications. 
D Series tool steels are optimized for wear resistance and hardness. They are not particularly tough and are only used for cold working applications. The most common variety of d-series tool steel is D2 -- it's used in all kinds of cutting tools, from blades to industrial cutting tools and even cutting tools. 
H Series tool steels cut and shape materials at high (or circulating) temperatures. They do not wear as well as A or D series tool steels at low temperatures but retain their strength and stiffness well at high temperatures. Although there are many types of H-series tool steels, H13 is the most common type for 3D printing. It combines excellent toughness, wear-resistance, and heat resistance, making it good general-purpose tool steel, optimized for high temperatures (hot working). 
 
Titanium 3D Printing 
While titanium is by no means a common material for routine manufacturing, its unique properties and high base cost make it an ideal choice for 3D printing. It is strong, light, heat resistant, chemical resistant, and biocompatible. Although several different types of titanium can be printed, one is by far the most common: Titanium 64 (Ti-6Al-4V). 
Ti64 is the most common type of titanium used in 3D printing and conventional manufacturing. It has an excellent strength-to-weight ratio and can be heat treated to further enhance strength. The material also performs well in harsh environments due to its corrosion and heat resistance. As a result, it is widely used in aircraft (missiles, rockets, aircraft) medicine (as orthopedic implants), and other places that favor a high strength-to-weight ratio. 
 
Aluminum 3D Printing 
Aluminum is notoriously difficult to print. As a result, it is a relatively uncommon printed material, although very common in traditional manufacturing. The variety printed is usually cast grade aluminum, rather than the more common machinable types, such as 6061 or 7075. These cast-grade aluminum alloys all have a significant (up to 12%) silicon content and are weaker and less hard than 6061. It's not immediately clear when aluminum will be more readily used as a material for 3D printing, but until then, materials like steel and titanium have achieved similar strength-to-weight ratios when printed using open-hole fillers. 
 
Special Alloy 
In addition to more common metals, 3D printers can make parts from alloys that are particularly suited to harsh environments. These "superalloys" -- metals with high strength, heat resistance, good surface stability, and resistance to corrosion or oxidation -- can be used in a variety of high-performance applications. Two subgroups are most common: Inconel and cobalt-chromium. 
 
Inconel 
Inconel is the most common and well-known proprietary nickel alloy. It is a very strong, hard, and corrosion-resistant material used in places such as turbines, engine seals, and rockets. There are two main formulas for 3D printing: Inconel 718 is stronger, and Inconel 625 is more heat resistant. Both materials are expensive to process traditionally, making 3D printing a cost-effective alternative to manufacturing high-fidelity parts. 
 
Cobalt chromium 
Cobalt-chromium is a superalloy known for its biocompatibility, high strength-to-weight ratio, and corrosion resistance -- it's essentially a higher-grade, more expensive version of titanium. Like Inconel, it is used in turbines and other harsh environments. Unlike Inconel, it can be used in medical applications as an orthopedic or dental implant. 
 
3D Printing Powder Price
The price is influenced by many factors including the supply and demand in the market, industry trends, economic activity, market sentiment, and unexpected events.
If you are looking for the latest 3D printing powder price, you can send us your inquiry for a quote. ([email protected])
 
3D Printing Powder Supplier
Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd. (TRUNNANO) is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and nanomaterials including silicon powder, nitride powder, graphite powder, zinc sulfide, calcium nitride, 3D printing powder, etc.
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In a recent interview with Izvestia, Russian Federation Council Chairman Matviyenko said that Russia is open to dialogue with the West based on mutual respect, but the opportunity to resume dialogue will only come after the end of special military operations.  

Matviyenko also noted that Europe currently lacks politicians who can make independent decisions.  She said the EU's strategy to wean itself off Russian energy by 2027 would be costly, with Russia supplying 40 percent of Europe's gas, 27 percent of its oil, and 46 percent of its coal, and was essentially "anti-European" and a "tax" on US global dominance.

On Sweden's and Finland's plans to join NATO, Matviyenko said Russia will take corresponding measures if NATO weapons and equipment appear in the two countries, and Russia is capable of guaranteeing its own security. 

Besides, speaking by video at an international conference, Ukraine's minister of agricultural policy and Food, said the country's grain 3D printing metal powder are expected to continue to be influenced by international situations.

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